Cervical vertebraeĪt the base of the skull, the vertebral column starts with the cervical vertebrae. There are several different types of vertebrae found within most vertebrates, named for the parts of the body they are located in. The articular processes restrict the amount of movement possible and are joined by part of the vertebral arch. This area articulates with the ribs within the thoracic vertebrae. The transverse processes also serve as muscle and ligamentous attachment sites, including the intertransverse ligaments. The spinous process serves as an attachment point for muscles. The vertebrae have seven processes that jut out from their central body, including the main spinous process, four articular processes, and two transverse processes. The bodies have roughened attachment places for the intervertebral discs. They are covered in cortical bone, which is denser, harder bone. The vertebrae bodies are made of a spongy form of bone called cancellous bone. The main portion of the vertebra is the body, which is divided into two parts: the centrum and the posterior vertebral arch (also called the neural arch). Vertebrae vary in their shape based upon the region of the body that they are found in, as well as what species they belong to. The image below shows the relationship between the vertebrae and spinal cord. The biggest differences occurbetween land-dwelling and aquatic species because of their different movement requirements.
Each vertebrate species, which gets its name from the vertebrae that make up its column, has a similarly shaped vertebrae. Between each vertebra is an intervertebral disc, which helps provide shock absorption and protect the vertebrae. The irregularly shaped bones form the roughly S-shape of the spinal cord.
#VERTEBRAL ARCH SERIES#
In humans, they are a series of 33 bonesthat run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. Vertebrae are boneslocated within the vertebral column.
0 kommentar(er)
